Planting and Growing Broccoli and
Cauliflower Fact Sheet
Broccoli and cauliflower belong to the cabbage or cole family and are two popular garden vegetables. Other commonly grown cole crops include brussels sprouts, collards, kale, kohlrabi and, of course, cabbage. This family of vegetables can go a long way to adding variety and nutrition to the family diet.
Broccoli and Cauliflower Climate Requirements:
Cole crops are cool-weather vegetables, growing best when daytime temperatures are between 65 and 80 degrees F. Cauliflower is more sensitive to hot weather than broccoli.
Both broccoli and cauliflower tend to do better when set out as transplants rather than planted from seed. It is important to use sturdy transplants that will become established quickly.
Broccoli and Cauliflower Soil Requirements:
All of the cole crops grow well in reasonably fertile, well-drained, moist soils with plenty of added organic matter. A mulch will help keep the ground cool and moist. The pH should be between 6.0 and 7.0 for optimum growth. A pH within this range will discourage clubroot disease and maximize nutrient availability.
Fertilizing Broccoli and Cauliflower:
Fertilizer and lime are best applied using the results of a soil test as a guide. As a general guideline, 2 to 3 pounds of 8-16-16 fertilizer applied uniformly over 100 square feet of garden area is suggested. Work the fertilizer thoroughly into the soil about two weeks before planting time.
A liquid starter fertilizer applied to the transplants at time of planting will help establishment. Apply a half pint of a 20-20-20 or similar solution to each plant, preparing the fertilizer according to label directions.
Suggested Broccoli and Cauliflower Cultivars:
Broccoli

For good side shoot production after harvest of the main head, try Green Comet and Packman. Two other excellent cultivars for the home garden are Green Hornet and Premium Crop.
Cauliflower

Snow Crown, Snow King, Snowball 123, and Imperial 10-6 are good cultivars for the home garden. Also, try Self-Blanche using a 12-inch spacing for support and effective blanching. Violet Queen is a purple-headed cultivar that does not require blanching.
Broccoli and Cauliflower Planting Suggestions:
All cole crops are frost tolerant. Broccoli transplants may be set out in the garden as early as April 1. For a fall cauliflower crop, set out transplants on July 1.
Broccoli may be spaced 18 inches apart in the row with 24 inches between rows. Cauliflower plants should be placed 24 inches apart in the row with 30 inches between rows.
As cauliflower plants begin to mature and the head, or curd, starts to form, gather together and tie the leaves over the curd with soft twine or tape. This “blanching” is required to ensure that the curd will be white and tender at harvest. There are some ‘self-blanching’ types available where the leaves curl naturally over the head when grown in cool weather (some tying of the leaves may still be necessary, however).
An even moisture supply is needed for transplants to become established and to produce good heads. As mentioned earlier, an organic mulch will help keep soils cool and moist and suppress weed growth. Hand-pull or use shallow cultivation if additional weed control becomes necessary. Apply 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week if an equal amount of rainfall does not occur. An additional side dressing of a nitrogen fertilizer when the plants are well established may be desirable.
Broccoli and Cauliflower Insect & Disease Problems:
Principle insect and disease problems are the cabbage looper, imported cabbage worm, cabbage maggot, aphids, flea beetles, blackleg, black rot, clubroot, and yellows.
Harvesting and Handling Broccoli and Cauliflower:
Harvest the center green flower bud cluster of broccoli while the buds are still tight and before any yellow petals begin to show. Cut the central stem five to six inches below the head. Many cultivars will continue producing bonus side shoots as long as a few leaves are left on the plant, extending the harvest period for a month or more.
The cauliflower curd, like the broccoli head, is actually a group of tightly clustered white or purple flower buds. Harvest the curd when it reaches the desired size but before the buds begin to separate, about two months after transplanting. Cut the head so that at least two wrapper leaves are present.
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